Hybridization


(S. Y.  B. Pharm Sem IV) UNIT-II

AS per PCI Syllabus



Hybridization

It is mating or crossing of two genetically dissimilar plants having desired genes or genotypes and bringing them together into one individual called hybrid. The process through which hybrids are produced is called hybridization.        
                             
                                         OR

It is natural and Artificial  process that result in the formation of hybrid.
Hybrid plant result from crossing of two species or varieties differing at least in one set of characters that is called hybridization .
Purpose of Hybridization (Objectives):

1.Development of productive varieties:

One of the objectives is to create new variability which is further used for
development of improved varieties with respect to existing varieties.

2. Removal of Bottle-Neck Genes:

The appearance of new problems (pathogen, insect) to yield can be protected through the creation of new recombinants which will help to come out from this kind of situation.

3. Development of Heterotic F1 Hybrids:


Hybridization between two chosen inbred parents can be resorted to produce F1 hybrids. In case of self-pollinated crops two methods.

(a) Combination Breeding:

The main objective of this method is to transfer one or more characters into a single variety from other varieties. In this breeding the genetic divergence between the two parents is not the major consideration, here among the two parents one must have the character to be transferred & another parent is the popular variety.

(b) Transgressive Breeding:

This method aims at improving yield or contributing characters through transgressive segregation. It is the production of plants in the F2 generation which will be superior to both the parents for one or more characters.



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