Isolation, Identification & Analysis of Quinine (Cinchona Bark)




Synonym: Jesuit’s bark, Peruvian bark.

B. S.: Quinine is quinoline alkaloid obtained from the dried bark of Chinchona officinalis, Cinchona calisaya, Cinchona ledgeriana and Cinchona succirubra.

Family: Rubiaceae.

Macroscopy:



Colour : Stem bark : Outer surface is dull brown to brown, while inner surface

is yellowish brown to deep reddish brown.

Odour : Slight and characteristic

Taste : Bitter and somewhat astringent.

Size and Shape : 10 to 25 mm in diameter and 1.5 to 2.5 mm in thickness, quills or curved pieces.

Extra Features : The fracture is short in external layers and fibrous in inner portions.

Microscopy :


 
Chemical Constituents :

Cinchona bark contains about 25 alkaloids, which belongs to quinoline group. The important alkaloids are quinine, quinidine, cinchona and cinchonidine.

  




 

Chemical Tests :

  1. Heat powdered bark in dry test tube with glacial acetic acid purple coloured vapours are produced in upper part of the test tube.
  2. If treated with diluted sulphuric acid, it gives blue fluorescence.
  3. Thalleoquin test : The powdered drug gives emerald green colour with bromine water and dilute ammonia solution.

 

Estimation

TLC Method-I

Stationary phase :  silica gel plates

Mobile phase : Diethylamine: ether: toluene (10:24:40)

Spraying reagent: lodoplatinate reagent.

 

Estimation

HPLC Isocratic Method

Stationary phase :   C18

Mobile phase : Methanol  1- acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L: ammonia: acetone (45:15:40)

Detection: Fluorescence at excitation 325 nm.

Emission: 375 nm.


Uses:

It  is  mainly  employed  as  antimalarial  drug,  but  it  is  also  used  as  analgesic,

 antipyretic, protoplasmic, bitter stomachic & tonic.

Quinidine is cardiac depressant and Cinchonidine is used in rheumatism & neuralgia. 




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