Isolation, Identification & Analysis of Quinine (Cinchona Bark)
Synonym: Jesuit’s bark, Peruvian bark.
B.
S.: Quinine is quinoline
alkaloid obtained from the dried bark of Chinchona officinalis, Cinchona
calisaya, Cinchona ledgeriana and Cinchona succirubra.
Family: Rubiaceae.
Macroscopy:
Colour
: Stem bark : Outer surface is dull
brown to brown, while inner surface
is
yellowish brown to deep reddish brown.
Odour
: Slight and
characteristic
Taste
: Bitter and somewhat
astringent.
Size
and Shape : 10 to 25 mm in diameter
and 1.5 to 2.5 mm in thickness, quills or curved pieces.
Extra
Features : The fracture is short
in external layers and fibrous in inner portions.
Microscopy :
Cinchona
bark contains about 25 alkaloids, which belongs to quinoline group. The
important alkaloids are quinine, quinidine, cinchona and cinchonidine.
Chemical
Tests :
- Heat powdered bark in dry test tube with glacial acetic acid purple coloured vapours are produced in upper part of the test tube.
- If treated with diluted sulphuric acid, it gives blue fluorescence.
- Thalleoquin
test : The powdered drug
gives emerald green colour with bromine water and dilute ammonia solution.
Estimation
TLC
Method-I
Stationary
phase : silica gel plates
Mobile
phase : Diethylamine: ether:
toluene (10:24:40)
Spraying
reagent: lodoplatinate reagent.
Estimation
HPLC
Isocratic Method
Stationary
phase : C18
Mobile
phase : Methanol 1- acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L: ammonia: acetone
(45:15:40)
Detection:
Fluorescence at excitation 325 nm.
Emission:
375 nm.
Uses:
It is
mainly employed as
antimalarial drug, but it is
also used as
analgesic,
antipyretic, protoplasmic, bitter stomachic
& tonic.
Quinidine
is cardiac depressant and Cinchonidine is used in rheumatism & neuralgia.
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